![]() ![]() Stages of labor First stage Latent phase Active phase Transition phase Second stage Third stage Fourth stage Position of laboring woman Discussed in depth in Chapter 19 Psychologic state of laboring womanġ4 Process of Labor Labor: process of moving fetus, placenta, and membranes out of the uterus and through the birth canal Signs preceding labor Lightening Bloody show Onset of labor Cannot be ascribed to a single cause Primary powers: contractions Frequency, duration, intensity Effacement Dilation Ferguson reflex Secondary powers: bearing-down efforts Valsalva maneuverġ3 Factors Affecting Labor: Position and Psychologic Passageway: Birth canal Bony pelvis: 4 types Gynecoid Android Anthropoid Platypelloid Soft tissues Passenger: fetus Fetal position: the relationship of a reference point on the presenting part to the four quadrants of the mother’s pelvis Position is denoted by a three-part letter abbreviation Fetal station: a measure of the degree of descent of the presenting part of the fetus through the birth canal Fetal engagement: usually corresponds to 0 station Passenger: fetus (Cont.) Fetal lie: the relation of the long axis (spine) of the fetus to the long axis (spine) of the mother Longitudinal Vertical Fetal attitude: the relation of the fetal body parts to one another General flexion Critical measurements of fetal head Biparietal diameter Suboccipitobregmatic diameterħ Factors Affecting Labor: Passenger (Cont.)Ĩ Factors Affecting Labor: Passenger (Cont.) Passenger: fetus Size of the fetal head Bones in the fetal skull Fontanels Molding Presentation of the fetus: the part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet first and leads through the birth canal during labor Cephalic Breech ShoulderĦ Factors Affecting Labor: Passenger (Cont.) Describe factors thought to contribute to the onset of labor. Examine the maternal anatomic and physiologic adaptations to labor. Summarize the cardinal movements of the mechanism of labor for a vertex presentation. Explain the significance of the size and position of the fetal head during labor and birth. Recognize the normal measurements of the diameters of the pelvic inlet, cavity, and outlet. Describe the anatomic structure of the bony pelvis. All rights reserved.Ģ Learning Objectives Explain the five major factors that affect the labor process. Presentation on theme: "Labor and Birth Processes"- Presentation transcript:Ĭhapter 16 Labor and Birth Processes Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier Inc.
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